Typewriting machine



' M 1944. L. F. PASCHER 2,343,321

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Nov. 1, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig.7.

V Inventor:

flllorney March 7, 1944. F, pAs'cHgR- 2,343,321

TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Nov. 1, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 lliomey March 7, 1944. F. PASCHER TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Nov. 1, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 ln'uenior:

./7 Barney 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 flliorney March 7, 1944. F. PASCHER 'IYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Nov. 1. 1940 March 7, 1944. F. PAscHER TYPEWHITING MACHINE Filed Nov. 1, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 iwm Patented Mar. 7, 1944 TYPEWBITING MACHINE Leopold Ferdinand Paschal, Schweizertal, Germany; vested in the Alien Property Custodian Application November I, 1940, Serial No. 363,851 In'Germany October 17, 1936 3 Claims.

My invention relates to improvements in type writing machines, and the object of the improvements is to provide a type writing machine which has small size and minimum weight, and which can be carried in a small envelope. With this object in view my invention consists in constructing various parts of the machine so that the said parts and other parts associated therewith occupy little space.

In carrying out the invention, the main part of the frame on which the type levers, the key levers, the intermediate levers and'other parts are mounted is in the form of a bed which is located close to the said parts of the machine and accordingly a certain distance away from the bottom of the machine, the laminations or grooves between which the said levers are mounted being formed in the said bed. Thus, as distinguished from constructions in which the said laminations are provided on separate members suitably connected with one another, the said main part of the frame requires little space. Further, the frame may be made from comparatively thin material, because the structure of the frame in which the said parts are directly mounted is rigid.

The U-shaped front part of the frame which is located around the key board is not made integral with the said body of the frame, as is common in 1 type writing machines now in use, but is pivotally mounted thereon on a horizontal transverse axis, and one of its side arms is connected with the escapement mechanism so as to have the function of a space key, the usual space key and'its levers, which ordinarily are located below the key levers being dispensed with. Thus the front part of the said pivotal part is located close to the key board and, further, it is located substantially at the height of the lowermost row of keys so that the keys may be located close to the bottom of the machine. In my improved construction the length of the machine is reduced substantially by the breadth of the ordinary space key, and the height of the key board is reduced, because the key board is located near the bottom.

The space needed for the key board is further reduced by constructing the mechanisms controlled by the keys so that the resistance of the said mechanisms is slight. Therefore the stroke of the keys may be reduced in length. The resistanceof the said parts operated by the keys is reduced, first, by an improved construction of the joint between the intermediate levers and the type levers, whereby the gear ratio of the said joint is varied in the course of the downward movement of the keys, so that the transmission 'of the power is most effective, and, second, by

.is located close to the said bottom, and the frame on which the carriage is mounted is located close to the said rear extension of the main frame, the said carriage frame being shiftable on the said extension longitudinally of the machine for shifting the platen for upper and lower case printing. In the following the said frame on which the carriage is mounted will be described as a rockable plate. The said plate might be slidable on tracks provided by the said extension. However, I prefer to use the usual links for supporting the rockable plate, because thereby the resistance opposed to the shifting movement is lessened. The said links are supported with their bottom ends on the said rear extension of the frame, and they are directed upwardly therefrom and jointed with their top ends, one to arms extending upwardly from the said rockable plate and the other one to an upwardly directed portion of the plate.

The size of the machine is further reduced by reducing the space needed for the keys, and for this purpose the vertical stroke of the keys is reduced. However, such reduction of the stroke tends to increase the force needed for depressing the keys, and therefore the mechanisms controlled by the keys are constructed so that the power needed for the operation of the said mechanisms is reduced, and as a result the operation of the keys is just as easy as the operation of keys having normal stroke.

By the depression of the keys the type levers must be accelerated so that they strike on the paper with a certain force. Further, by the keys the letter spacing mechanism must be released, and the ribbon must be vibrated and fed. These operations are transmitted through the universal bar. The power needed for operating the said universal bar is largely a function of the friction between the universal bar and the type lever engaging the same. In my improved machine the said friction is avoided by guiding the universal bar so that th path of the part of the universal bar engaged by the typelevers is the same as that of the engaging portions of the type levers.

' Further, .ithe connection between the key levers and the type levers is constructed so that the transmission of the power to the type levers is particularly effective. It has heretofore been proposed to connect the type levers-with the intermediate levers by eccentric toothed segments constructed so that the gear ratio is gradually increased as the type lever approaches the platen. In my machine this construction is further lmproved as will be explained hereinafter.

Other improvements all resulting in a reduction of the size of the machine will appear from the following description.

For the purpose of explaining the invention an example embodying the same has been shown in the accompanying drawings in which the same reference characters have been used in.all the views to indicate corresponding parts. In said drawings Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine partly in section taken on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 215 a top plan view of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a top plan view on an enlarged scale showing the frame,

Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation taken on the line IV--IV of Fig. 3 and showing in addition the space key lever, the shift key lever and a part of the carriage,

Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation taken on the line V-V of Fig. 3 and showing in addition a part of the type lever mechanism,

Fig. 6 is a detail plan view showing the frame or plate on which the carriage is mounted,

Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation taken on the line VII-VII of Fig. 2 showing the type lever mechanism, the carriage, the platen and a part of the ribbon feeding mechanism,

' Figs. 8 and 9 are sectional elevations similar to that shown in Fig. 7 showing the ribbon vibrator and itsoperating mechanism in different positions,

Fig. 10 is an elevation partly in section showing the paper feeding mechanism in different positions, 1

Fig. 11 is an elevation showing the paper holding devices, and

Figs. 12 and 13 are diagrammatical elevations showing the end stops of the carriage.

In the example shown in the drawings the frame of the machine comprises a substantially horizontal plate 2 located substantially at theheight of the main bearings of the operative parts of the machine, and a rear portion 3 located at a lower height than the said plate 2 and at the bottom of the machine and connected with the plate 2 by rearwardly and downwardly inclined arms 4 located at the sides of the frame.

The arms 4 are formed with shoulders 5, and the forward end of the plate 2 is provided with ears 6 cast integral with downwardly directed lugs 1. The bottom faces of the lugs 1 and the shoulders 5 are disposed at the same level, and the said lugs and the shoulders 5 are supported on cushioned feet. As shown in Fig. 4 the said feet comprise two disks 8 and 9 of resilient material fixed respectively to the lugs 1 and the arms 4 by means of screws Ill. The lower disks 9 are partly embedded in cup-shaped portions ll of a bottom plate I2 forming a part of an envelope or casing the top part or lid of which has received the reference character l3. The said envelope does not form a part of the machine but is used for protecting the same from injury and dust. The disks 9 extend downwardly beyond the said bottom plate 12 so as to support the said plate in spaced relation from the table or another support. The head of the screw III is sunk in a socket formed in the disk 9. By this construction the frame 2 is insulated relatively 5 to the table and also relatively to.the bottom plate i2, and the transmission of vibrations caused by the operation of the machine to the bottom plate 12 and to the table is prevented.

In machines now in use the frame is provided with abail extending forwardly and around the key board, .thesaid bail being made integral or rigidly connected with the body of the frame. In my improved machine the said ball is a U- shaped member separate from the body of the frame. and it comprises a rail i 4 and side arms 15 pivotally mounted on the frame at IS. The ball constitutes the space key as will be described hereinafter.

To a pair of arms [1 directed downwardly and rearwardly from the plate 2 a transverse bar 18 To the sides of the frame 2 side plates iii are fixed by means of screws 2| fixed to ears 22 and to the arms 4, and the said plates are connected as by a top plate 20.

The plate 20 is formed with two cut-out portions 25 and 26 accommodating the type lever mechanism. Between the said cut-out portions there is a segment 21 which is formed with radial slots 28 in which the intermediate levers 29 are mounted, and at the rear of the cut-out portion 26 there is a second segment 30 which is formed at its bottom side with slots 3i to accommodate the rear ends of the key levers 32, the said intermediate levers 29 and key levers 32 being pivotally mounted respectively at 33 and 34 in a manner known in the art. The said segments 21 and 30 are cast integral with the plate 2, so that they reinforce the said plate and compensate for the weakening thereof resulting from the cut-out portions 25 and 26 (Fig o On its upper face the segment 30 is formed with a segmental rib 35 disposed concentrically of the segment 21 (the segment having the intermediate levers 29 mounted thereon), and to the said rib 35 a rib 36 of a segment 31 is secured on which the type levers 38 are mounted, the ribs 35 and 36 being in close engagement with each other so as to be reinforced one by the other. The'segment 31 is formed with radial slots providing laminations 39, the said laminations being located above the ribs 35 and 36 and extending forwardly and rearwardly therefrom. At its rear the segment 31 is formed with a segmental flange 40 to which a type guide 4| is fixed. By mounting the type lever segment 31 on the key lever segment 35 in the manner described by means of the downwardly directed 60 rib 36 room is gained at the rear of the said segments for accommodating the mechanism controlling the movement of the carriage as will be described hereafter.

The front part 42 of the plate 2 is provided with a flange 43 which extends upwardly and rearwardly from the part 42 and into the space between the intermediate levers 29 and the type levers 38, the said flange reinforcing the plate 2. Along the upper face of the said flange 43 a segmental cushion 44 is fixed which provides a support for the type levers 38.

A U-shaped key lever guide 46 depends from the lateral ears 6 and is formed with vertical slots 41 in which the key levers are guided. To

the upper flange 48 of the said guide a cushion 49 is fixed which is engaged by the key levers 22 when restored to their normal positions by springs 50.

The segment 21 on which the intermediate levers 29 are mounted,, the key lever segment 39 and the type lever segment 31 are disposed in parallel planes which are inclined relatively to the horizontal main part 2 of the plate at an angle not more than A certain inclined position of the said segments is desirable, because thereby the printing line on the platen is visible to the operator, and the type lever mechanism may be arranged to operate more satisfactorily without strain. The said inclination of 15 is sufiicient for these purposes, and it is so small that it permits the frame, the segments and their slots to be manufactured by die-casting in a single operation and to be removed from the mould after casting. Also the intermediate levers 29 and the rear portions of the keyxlevers 32 are inclined substantially at an angle of 15 from the horizontal, so that they are substantially parallel to the planes of the segments 21 and 30.

As appears from Fig. 3, the segments 21 and 31 carrying respectively the intermediate levers and the type levers are concentric to each other. But the key lever segment 30 is curved along a larger radius than the type lever segment 31 mounted thereon, and its length is substantially the same as that of the segment 21. The front ends of the intermediate levers 29, including those located at. the sides of the machine, are located substantially vertically above the key levers 32, as appears from Fig. 3 indicating the said levers 29 and 32 in broken lines, and the intermediate levers 29 are substantially alike in shape. Thus the links 5| connecting the key levers and the intermediate levers are in groups likewise substantially alike in shape, and they are substantially perpendicular to the corresponding key levers and intermediate levers. The necessary slight differences of their lengths may be given thereto by slightly bending or stretching the same. Further, the lengths of the intermediate levers from the pivots thereof to the ends where the links are jointed are substantially alike, and the resistance opposed to the depressing of the levers is substantially the same all over the key board. In this respect my improved machine is distinguished from known machines in which the intermediate levers located at the middle of the machine have lengths largely difierent from those of the lateral intermediate levers, for insuring uniform strokes of the keys. Another advantage of my improved construction is that a small number of tools are needed for manufacturing the intermediate levers and the links.

Another advantage of my improved construction of the key lever segment 30 is the following: If the key lever segment were concentric to the segment of the intermediate levers and the type lever segment, the slots for the key levers would be close to each other, and therefore the laminations or separating fingers would be thin and weak. Further it would be necessary to bend the forward ends of the key levers inwardly, and the front ends of the said key levers would describe arcuate paths so that they would not be properly guided in the guide 46. If the key lever segment were rectilinear, the differences in the lengths of the intermediate levers located at the middle of the machine and at the sides thereof would be too great.

Referring now particularly to Fig. 4, the rear portion 3 of the frame provides a support for a frame 60 on which the carriage BI and the platen 62 are mounted. The said frame 90 is in the form of a plate of angular cross-section and it has a horizontal portion 60 and an upwardly directed rear portion 59, as is best shown in Figs. 4 and 6.

At its front side and at its right and left hand ends, the horizontal portion 60 of the frame carries integrally cast and upwardly directed arms 58. On pivot bolts 63 and 64 links 65 and 66 are mounted upon the rear portion 3 of the main frame 2, and these links engage the top ends of the arms 58 and 59 at 61 and 68. Thus the plate 60 is pivotally supported on the rear portion 3 of the main frame 2 so that it may be shifted forwardly and rearwardly from one to the other case position. By connecting the links 65 and 6G to the upper ends of the arms 58 and of the portion 59 of the plate, the said links may be supported on the frame part 3 near the bottom of the machine. For shifting the frame 60 a shift key lever 69 is pivotally mounted on the main frame 2 at I0, and the said shift key lever is provided with. a downwardly directed arm II a pin I2 of which engages in the bifurcated front end of a rod I3 jointed to one of the arms 58 at I4, as is best shown in Figs. 4 and l0.- Thus, when the shift key lever 69 is depressed the rod I3 is shifted rearwardly thus swinging the frame 60 and the platen B2 in rearward and slightly upwardly inclined direction. The direction of the said shifting movement depends on the inclined position of the links 65 and 66 and corresponds to the inclined position of the types 38I engaging the platen 62, the inclined position appearing from Fig. '7 showing in dotted lines a type lever engaging the platen. In the median positions the type levers are'substantially perpendicular to the links 65 and 66.

On the rockable plate 60 tracks I5 and I6 are mounted on which the carriage is movable. To provide a broad support for the said carriage without increasing the length of the machine the said tracks and the carriage are inclined rearwardly and upwardly, the rear track I6 being located above and at the rear of the pivots 68, while the track I5 is located near the bottom of the frame 60.

In Fig. '7 I haveshown the letter spacing mechanism which isconstructed as follows: On a pivot bolt fixed to eyes 98 and 99 of the rockable plate 60 a gear wheel 8| and an escapement wheel 82 are mounted. The gear wheel 8| is in mesh with a rack 83 carried by the carriage 6|. The escapement wheel 82 is adapted to be alternately engaged by dogs 84 and 95 controlling the step by step letter spacing movement of the carriage 6|, as is known in the art. The said dogs are mounted on a rocker 89 pivotally mounted on arms 81 projecting forwardly and upwardly from a median part of the plate 60 and acted upon by a spring (not shown) urging a finger 88 of the rocker against the track I5. The rocker has two forwardly directed arms 53 and 54. The arm 53 is in position to be engaged by an arm 55 (Fig. 2) carried by a segmental universal bar 95, and the arm 54 is in position to be engaged by a lever I03 connected with the space key. The said universal bar is carried by a bail 89 pivotally mounted on a pair of arms 9| and an arm 99, the arm 90 being pivotally mounted on a bracket 56 fixed to a lug 51 of the transverse bar I8 and extending rearwardly from the said bracket, and

the arms 8| being pivotally mounted on lugs 04 of the 'bar I8. The universal bar 95 engages a cut-out portion '96 made in the laminations 30 and extends into position for engagement with noses, 91 formed on the type levers 33. The reason for mounting the ball 89 in the mannerdescrlbed on two links 90' and 9| extending respectively rearwardly and forwardly from their pivots is to move the upper face of the universal bar 35 exactly in the same direction as the noses 01 engaging the said universal bar so that the resistance opposed to the movement of the type levers moving the universal bar is reduced to a minimum and the stroke of the type levers may be reduced.

The rack 03 is mounted on a pair of. arms 11 pivotally mounted on the side plates II I of the carriage at I8, the said arms being formed with finger pieces I0. Thus the rack 03 may be retracted from the gear wheel 8|, if it is desired to shift the carriage to the right or left independently of the escapement wheel.

As has been stated above, the bail I4, I5 forming the front part of the frame 2 acts as the space key. For this purpose it is operatively connected with the letter spacing mechanism as will now described.

To a rearwardly extending part of one of the arms I5 an arm I is secured which is connected with a spring IOI urging the arm I00 downwardly and tending to elevate the rail I4. The rear end I02 of the arm I00 is located below an arm of the aforesaid transverse lever I03 pivotally mounted on the transverse rail I8 at I06, and the opposite end of the lever I03 is located above the arm 54 of the rocker 86. Thus, when the bail I 4, I is depressed the rocker 86 is operated for alternately carrying the dogs 84 and 85 into and out of engagement with the escapement wheel 82.

From the above description it appears that the pivotally mounted bail I4, I5 has the function, first, of protecting the keys from injury, and second of operating the letter spacing mechanism. In machines now in use the space key is mounted on a key lever located below the type key levers. In my improved machine the side arms of the bail I 4, I5, which has the function of a space key, are located laterally of the key board, and therefore room is gained below the type key levers, which thus may be located near the bottom of the machine, whereby the height of the machine is reduced as compared to machines now in use.

Further, the length of the machine is: reduced by providing a single rail I4 which forms the space key and also confines the type keys at the front side.

In some cases I prefer to protect the bail I4, I5 at its sides, so that the operator. does not grasp the said bail I4, I5, for example when he desires to lift the machine at its front end. In this case I provide the side members I9 of the casing 20 enclosing the machine with forwardly extending arms I04 which extend substantially to the front side of the rail I4. Preferably the said arms are provided with inwardly directed flanges I05 covering the side arms I5, which therefore are not engaged by the hands of the operator grasping the front part of the machine for' lifting the same.

In Fig. 10 I have shown the line spacing mechanism. It is constructed so that it occupies little space when the casing I2, I3 is closed, the said mechanism being constructed so that its operating lever which in one of its operative positions projects outwardly from the space bounded by the lid I3 of the casing, is pressed into the said space by the lid placed onthe casing.

The platen62 is mounted on an axle IIO rotatable in the end platesJII of the carriage ll. To the said axle a ratchet disk 2 is secured adapted to be engaged by a dog 3 pivotally mounted on a lever II4 mounted on one of the said end plates III at II5. On the said end plate I II an arm I I0 is pivotally mounted which carries a roller II'I adapted for engagement with the ratchet disk II2. A spring I I0 attached to the arm H8 and to the lever II4 urges the roller III into locking engagement with the ratchet disk and tends to turn the lever II4 anticlockwise. A spring (not shown) attached to the dog H3 and to the lever II4 urges the said dog into engagement with the teeth of the ratchet disk. The dog is made integral with a heel IIO which normally bears on a disk I20 mounted on the said end plate III. The said disk is formed with a segmental cut-out portion I M, and it is adapted to be adjusted for engagement with the heel H9 either with the said cut-out portion I2I or with an unmutilated part of its circumference. Further, the dog is made integral with a finger piece I 22. The end plate III carries a laterally bent portion I23 operable by the finger of the operator for shifting the carriage to the right, and providing an end stop for the finger piece I22. A flange I24 directed upwardly from the portion I23 provides a support for the hand of the operator and assists in placing the carriage on the machine.

The line spacing mechanism is used as follows: By the pressure of the finger on the finger piece I 22 the dog H3 and its heel I I9 are turned clockwise, the heel II9 riding on the disk I20 and the dOg II3 being brought into engagement with the ratchet disk II2. Upon further depression of the finger piece the lever H4 is turned about its pivot bolt II5 against the action of the spring acting thereon, until the finger piece I22 engages the stop I23. By such movement theratchet disk 31 is turned a distance orresponding to the distance between two consecutive lines or one and a half times said distance, depending upon whether the heel I III of the finger piece I22 contacts the unmutilated circumference of the line space control disk I20,or the mutilated or reduced portion I2I. Thus, the platen may be turned for writing with single spaces between two lines, or for writing with spaces one and a half times the width of a single space. Further, by twice operating the finger piece I22 the paper may be printed upon with lines spaced apart a distance of three single line spaces.

As appears from Fig. 10, in the norma1 position the finger piece I22 is directed upwardly and rearwardly and it projects above the space confined by the lid I3 of the box. When the said lid is placed in position the finger piece I22 and the lever II4 are turned clockwise into the position in which the finger piece bears on the stop I23. Thus the height of the casing I2, I3 and the parts of the machine placed therein are reduced to a minimum.

In a similar way, the paper feeding device is constructed so that it occupies little space, and for this purpose the levers controlling the operation thereof are constructed so that they are pressed downwardly by the lid as it is being placed on the casing. In the construction shown in Fig. 11 the paper is pressed into engagement with the platen 62 by means of rolls I26 mounted for rotation in slots formed in a, paper guiding apron I21. The paper apron is guided on the carriage by means of pins I31 fixed thereto and engaging in bores oi the carriage, and it is urged towards the platen to press the rollers I26 into engagement with the paper\placed thereon by a bail I28 pivotally mounted omthe end plates II I of the carriage 6| at I30 and acted upon by a sprin I3I attached to the said ball and to the adjacent end plate IU. The bail I28 is connected with a lever I32 located laterally of the platen and in position for being acted upon by a paper releasing lever I33 pivotally mounted on the axle IIO of the platen. When the paper is in position to be printed upon, in which it is pressedagainst the platen by means of the rollers I26, the said releasing lever is in the position shown in Fig. 11 in full lines in which it projects upwardly beyond the top of the lid I3. The said lever is formed with two noses I34 and I35. When it is rocked from the position shown in full lines to the right its nose I34 engages a nose I36 formed on the lever- I32 and rocks the said lever and the bail I28 connected therewith downwardly towithdraw the apron I21 and the rolls I26 away from the platen. When the lever I33 is released the parts are returned into the position in which the rolls I26 press the paper on the platen by means of the spring I3 I. When the lid is placed on the machine it engages the lever I33 and forces the same downwardly until finally the said lever is within the space bounded by the closed casing.

The lever I33 is adapted to be rocked anticlockwise and into the position shown in dotted lines. In this position the nose I35 engages the left hand end of the lever I32 and forces the same downwardly and into the position in which the rolls I26 are out of engagement with the paper. In this position of the lever I33 thenose I35 has been moved beyond its dead center, so that the spring I3I is not able to force the lever I32 upwardly and thereby to throw the rolls I 26 into engagement with the paper. Thus the parts are held in their positions when the operator releases the lever I33, so that the operator has both hands free for pulling the sheet from around the platen or rearranging the same on the platen.

For holding the upper part of the paper on the platen 62 a blade I40 is provided which is formed with two arms I42 mounted on pivot bolts I4I fixed to the end plates III of the carriage, one arm of a U-shaped spring I49 fixed to one of the pivot bolts I4I engaging the said blade and ur ing the same towards the platen. On the said pivot bolt M! an arm I46 is loosely mounted which is formed with two noses I41 and -I48 straddling a pin I44 fixed to a heel I43 of one of the arms I42 of the blade I40, and engaging in a slot I45 made in the adjacent end wall III. The other arm of the U-shaped spring I49 engages the lever I46 and urges the same clockwise to engage the nose I41 with the pin I44, When the lever I46 is turned clockwise by hand the nose I41 engages the pin I44 and lifts the blade I40 away from the paper, thus permitting the said paper to be adjusted on the platen. When the lever I46 is turned anticlockwise the blade I40 is again brought into engagement with the paper by the arm of the spring I49 acting thereon. The lever I 46 may be further turned anticlockwise and into the position shown in dotted lines by placing the lid on the casing. In this position the lever I46 is confined within the said lid.

At the rear of the carriage a toothed rail I50 is fixed to the frame of the machine, which carries two end stops |5I one at either end of the carriage, the said stops being formed with fin-.

gers I52 adapted to be engaged by a part of the carriage. The said end stops are provided with noses I53 engaging in the teeth of the rail, and they are .ada'pted to be pushed downwardly against the action of a spring (not shown) for causing the noses I53 to disengage the teeth of the rail to permit adjustment of the end stops along the toothed rail to determine the widths of right and left hand margins to be left on the paper. For thus shifting the end stops down- ,wardly finger pieces I54 are hinged to the end stops at I55. As is shown in Fig. 12, the finger pieces normally project rearwardly from the rail I50, and they are adapted to be turned inwardly into the position shown in Fig. 13, in which they between the operativeparts of the machine, so

that the space encompassed by the casing when placed on the machine is small.

The ribbon winding and unwinding spools I60 are driven by means of a ratchet disk I6I fixed to a shaft. I 62 mounted in arms I63 extending downwardly from the rear part of the frame 2. The ratchet disk I6I is engaged by a pawl I64 carried by the link 90, and by a stationary pawl I65 fixed to the arm 56.

The ribbon vibrator I66 is jointed to one arm I61 of a bell crank lever I61, I68 and to a link I69. A pin I10 carried by the arm I68 engages in a slot I1I in an arm I12 forming a part of the ball 89. Thus, when the said bail is moved downwardly the arm I12 carries along the pin I10 so that the ribbon vibrator I66 is moved rearwardly and upwardly.

The type levers 38 are connected with the intermediate levers 29 by means of eccentric gear segments I15 and I16 made integral with the said levers. In Fig. '7 the pitch lines I11 and I18 have been indicated in dashes and dots. In the normal position of the type levers the points of contact of the pitch lines are at their farthest distance from the axis I14 of the type levers, so that the gear ratio of the intermediate levers 29 and the type levers 36 is comparatively slight. As the keys are depressed the points of contact of the pitch lines come nearer the axis I14 of the type levers, so that the gear ratio and therefore the acceleration of the type levers are increased.

-In my improved construction, in the final position, in which the type levers engage the paper the said points of contact are close to the said axis I14, the root lines of the teeth of the type levers approaching the said pitch lines, while the distance that the ends of the teeth extend out-.

side the pitch lines is increased accordingly. The said distance may be increased so far that the teeth converge to a point. Thus, in my improved construction the pitch line is broughtnear the axis I14. In the initial positions of the type levers the roots and the outer ends of the teeth have the normal positions relatively to the pitch lines, and the height of the root and head portions extending respectively inwardly and outwardly from the pitch lines of the teeth is made as large as possible, in order to increase the duration of engagement of the teeth.

With this design of the gears I15 and I16 the gear ratio is comparatively small at the beginning of the movement of the type levers, so that the keys have easy movement. In the course of the downward movement of the keys the gear ratio gradually increases, so thatthe acceleration and the final velocity of the type levers is high. Further, by thus causing the pitch line to approach the axis I14, the universal bar 95 may be disposed close to the said axis. Therefore the type levers act on the said universal bar during a comparativley large fraction of their total paths, the said fraction being substantially the same as in machines of the type in which the type levers are moved through an angle of about 90, while in my improved machin the stnoke of the type levers is about 160.

I claim:

1. In a type writing machine, comprising the type levers, the key levers, the intermediate levers, and a frame provided with slotted segments providing bearings respectively for said type levers, key levers and intermediate levers, the bearings of said intermediate levers and type levers being concentric, the bearings for said key levers being curved along a larger radius than the bearings of said type levers, and the lengths of the segments carrying the intermediate levers and key levers being substantially alike. I

2. In a typewriting machine that includes in its I structure a frame and type levers. key levers, and intermediate levers pivotally mounted in the frame, the improvement herein described which consists in a segmental member fixed to the frame, which segmental member is formed with a segmental rib in close engagement with and fixed to said frame, and a second segmentalmember extending rearwardly from the upper portion of said rib to provide a free space below the same i and at the rearv of said rib, said second segmental member being formed with radial slots in which said type levers are immediately mounted.

3. In atypewriting machine thatincludes in its structure a frame and type levers, key levers, and intermediate levers pivotally' mounted in the frame, the improvement here described which consists in a segmental plate integrated with the frame and equipped on its up er side with a plurality of upward extending laminations that define a plurality of radially grouped slots, the type levers being arranged in such slots, the segmental plate being formed with a cut out portion, and letter-spacing mechanism that includes a universal bar extending from below upward through such cut-out portion of the segmental plate and at its upper end extending across the paths of pivotal movement of all of said type.

levers.

LEOPOLD FERDINAND PASCHER. 

